ENTRY ZL86 0 ZL86 0 1 SUBENT ZL86 1 0 ZL86 1 1 BIB 12 73 ZL86 1 2 INSTITUTE (NEDUTR) ZL86 1 3 REFERENCE (J,NP/A,460,181,1986) ZL86 1 4 AUTHORS (F.ZIJDERHAND,C.VAN DER LEUN) ZL86 1 5 TITLE STRONG M2 TRANSITIONS ZL86 1 6 FACILITY (VDG) 3-MV VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR, UNIVERSITY OF ZL86 1 7 UTRECHT, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS. ZL86 1 8 INC-PART (P) PROTONS. ZL86 1 9 TARGETS 99.99 PERCENT PURE 31P WAS SPUTTERED ONTO 0.5-MM- ZL86 1 10 THICK COPPER BACKINGS. THE THICKNESS WAS 10 TO 20 ZL86 1 11 MICROGRAM/CM**2 OF 31P. COPPER WAS USED FOR A BACKING ZL86 1 12 SINCE IT PROVIDED BETTER HEAT CONDUCTIVITY AND ZL86 1 13 MINIMIZED DETERIORATION OF THE PHOSPHORUS TARGETS ZL86 1 14 UNDER PROTON BOMBARDMENT. ZL86 1 15 METHOD PROTONS BEAMS WERE OBTAINED FROM THE UTRECHT 3-MV ZL86 1 16 VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATOR. A 90-DEGREE ANALYZING ZL86 1 17 MAGNET WITH STABILIZING SLITS LED TO PROTON ENERGY ZL86 1 18 RESOLUTION OF ABOUT 200 EV AT EP = 1 MEV. THE BEAM ZL86 1 19 CURRENT RANGED FROM 5 - 150 MICROAMPS ON TARGET ZL86 1 20 DEPENDING ON TARGET STABILITY AND COUNTING RATE ZL86 1 21 CONSIDERATIONS. THE VACUUM IN THE BEAM LINES AND ZL86 1 22 TARGET CHAMBER WAS MAINTAINED TO BETTER THAN 10**(-6) ZL86 1 23 TORR. A LIQUID NITROGEN COOLING TRAP WAS PLACED ZL86 1 24 IN FRONT OF THE TARGET TO REDUCE BUILD UP OF ZL86 1 25 CONTAMINANTS ON THE TARGETS. FLUORINE AND SODIUM ZL86 1 26 IMPURITIES WERE REDUCED TO VERY LOW LEVELS BY ZL86 1 27 HEATING THE TARGET BACKING IN VACUUM BEFORE ZL86 1 28 DEPOSITING THE SELECTED TARGET MATERIAL - IN THIS ZL86 1 29 CASE, PHOSPHORUS. THE BEAM SPOT ON TARGET WAS ZL86 1 30 NORMALLY LESS THAN 2-MM X 2-MM. TO FURTHER REDUCE ZL86 1 31 DETERIORATION THE TARGETS WERE WOBBLED AND WATER ZL86 1 32 COOLED. INDIVIDUAL TARGETS WERE REMOVED AFTER ZL86 1 33 THE GAMMA-RAY YIELD WAS OBSERVED TO DECLINE ZL86 1 34 BY 30 PERCENT UNDER FIXED CONDITIONS. THE GE AND ZL86 1 35 GE(LI) DETECTORS USED IN THIS EXPERIMENT HAD ZL86 1 36 RESOLUTIONS IN THE RANGE 1.8 TO 2.1 KEV FWHM AT ZL86 1 37 EG = 1.33 MEV. THE GAMMA-RAY EFFICIENCY CURVES FOR ZL86 1 38 ALL THE DETECTORS WERE MEASURED USING VARIOUS ZL86 1 39 CALIBRATED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES AS WELL AS KNOWN ZL86 1 40 GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA FROM PROTON-CAPTURE RESONANCES ZL86 1 41 AT EP = 767 AND 1317 IN 27AL(P,GAMMA)28SI, AT ZL86 1 42 EP = 1020, 1317, AND 1417 KEV IN 23NA(P,GAMMA)24MG, ZL86 1 43 AND EP = 675 AND 1388 KEV IN 11B(P,GAMMA)12C. LEAD ZL86 1 44 ABSORBERS 5 MM THICK WERE PLACED IN FRONT OF ALL ZL86 1 45 THE GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS TO MINIMIZE THE NUMBER OF ZL86 1 46 DETECTED LOW-ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS AND THUS TO REDUCE ZL86 1 47 THE COUNTING RATE DUE TO USELESS EVENTS. THE GAMMA- ZL86 1 48 RAY DETECTORS WERE PLACED 4 CM FROM THE TARGET AT ZL86 1 49 55 DEGREES TO REDUCE ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS. ZL86 1 50 THE GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE INVOLVED ZL86 1 51 DETERMINING THE SHAPE OF A RESONANCE AND THE ZL86 1 52 CORRESPONDING BACKGROUND. A YIELD CURVE WAS ZL86 1 53 MEASURED OVER EACH RESONANCE. A GAMMA-RAY SPECTRUM ZL86 1 54 WAS MEASURED FOR EACH PROTON ENERGY CONSIDERED. ZL86 1 55 ONE REASON FOR THIS WAS TO SEARCH FOR POSSIBLE ZL86 1 56 MULTIPLET RESONANCES. THE GAMMA-RAY WIDTH WAS ZL86 1 57 MEASURED AT THE RESONANCE ENERGIES. THESE ZL86 1 58 MEASUREMENTS GENERALLY INVOLVED YIELD COMPARISONS ZL86 1 59 RELATIVE TO STANDARD RESONANCES. IN THE CASE OF ZL86 1 60 THE EP = 1251 KEV RESONANCE STUDIED FOR THE ZL86 1 61 REACTION 31P(P,GAMMA)32S, MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN ZL86 1 62 IN STEPS OF 0.5 KEV. THE REFERENCE RESONANCE WAS ZL86 1 63 AT EP = 811 KEV IN 31P(P,GAMMA)32S. ZL86 1 64 DETECTORS (GE) A HYPERPURE N-TYPE GERMANIUM DETECTOR WITH ZL86 1 65 VOLUME = 100-CM**3. ZL86 1 66 (GELI) FOUR GE(LI) DETECTORS WITH VOLUME = 100-CM**3. ZL86 1 67 MONITORS (CI) CURRENT INTEGRATOR. ZL86 1 68 CORRECTION DATA WERE CORRECTED FOR OFF-RESONANCE YIELD, DEAD TIME, ZL86 1 69 AND COINCIDENT AND RANDOM SUMMING EFFECTS. THE LATTER ZL86 1 70 EFFECTS AMOUNTED TO NO MORE THAN 10 PERCENT AT THE ZL86 1 71 STRONGEST RESONANCES. GAMMA-RAY YIELD DATA WERE ZL86 1 72 CORRECTED FOR ABSORPTION EFFECTS AND DETECTOR ZL86 1 73 EFFICIENCY. ZL86 1 74 ERR-ANALYS SEE ORIGINAL PAPER FOR DETAILS. ZL86 1 75 ENDBIB 73 ZL86 1 76 ENDSUBENT 1 ZL86 199999 SUBENT ZL86 2 0 ZL86 2 1 BIB 2 16 ZL86 2 2 REACTION 31P(P,GAMMA)32S ZL86 2 3 COMMENTS PROPERTIES OF THE 31P(P,GAMMA)32S RESONANCE AT EP = ZL86 2 4 1251-KEV RESONANCE ARE GIVEN. ALL GAMMA-RAY ZL86 2 5 TRANSITIONS ARE FROM THE RESONANCE AT EX = 10.08 ZL86 2 6 MEV EXCITATION IN 32S TO THE INDICATED FINAL STATES. ZL86 2 7 EF = ENERGY OF FINAL STATE. B = GAMMA-RAY BRANCH. ZL86 2 8 B-ERR = ERROR IN B. PCT= PERCENT. S = RESONANCE ZL86 2 9 STRENGTH = (2J+1)*GAM(P)*GAM(G)/GAM(T), WHERE J = ZL86 2 10 SPIN OF RESONANT STATE, GAM(P) = PROTON WIDTH, GAM(G) ZL86 2 11 = GAMMA-RAY WIDTH, GAM(T) = TOTAL WIDTH, GAM(G0) = ZL86 2 12 WIDTH CORRESPONDING TO DECAY OF THE RESONANCE TO ZL86 2 13 THE GROUND STATE OF 32S BY A DIRECT GAMMA-RAY. S-ERR ZL86 2 14 = ERROR IN S. GAM(G)-ERR = ERROR IN GAM(G), ZL86 2 15 GAM(G0)-ERR = ERROR IN GAM(G0). TR(M2) = M2 ZL86 2 16 TRANSITION STRENGTH. TR(M2)-ERR = ERROR IN TR(M2). ZL86 2 17 W.U. = WEISSKOPF UNITS. DATA FROM TABLE 7 OF PAPER. ZL86 2 18 ENDBIB 16 ZL86 2 19 DATA 11 7 ZL86 2 20 EF B B-ERR S S-ERR GAM(G) ZL86 2 21 GAM(G)-ERR GAM(G0) GAM(G0)-ERRTRANS TRANS-ERR ZL86 2 22 MEV PCT PCT EV EV EV ZL86 2 23 EV EV EV W.U. W.U ZL86 2 24 0. 1.7 0.1 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 25 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 26 2.23 29.6 1.5 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 27 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 28 4.28 1.5 0.1 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 29 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 30 4.70 0.7 0.1 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 31 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 32 5.01 13.8 0.7 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 33 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 34 5.41 4.3 0.3 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 35 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 36 6.22 49. 2. 4.3 0.5 0.86 ZL86 2 37 0.11 0.0015 0.0002 0.93 0.13 ZL86 2 38 ENDDATA 18 ZL86 2 39 ENDSUBENT 2 ZL86 299999 ENDENTRY 2 ZL869999999